MacOS配置网络教程
11人参与 • 2025-03-30 • Macos
1、ip地址配置
手动指定ip
以下3个命令都可以完成ip地址的配置：
- ifconfig interface [address_family] [address [netmask]]
- ipconfig set interface-name (manual | inform) ip-address subnet-mask
- networksetup -setmanual
手动指定ip举例：
macbook$ sudo ifconfig en0 inet 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
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macbook$ sudo ipconfig set en0 manual 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0
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macbook$ sudo networksetup -setmanual wi-fi 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
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注意：ifconfig和ipconfig都是指定网口设备名称，而networksetup要求使用macos为网口设置的别名（所谓“network service”）来指定网口。
使用dhcp配置ip
可以使用以下2个命令来重新获取dhcp配置：
- ipconfig set interface-name (dhcp | bootp)
- networksetup -setdhcp
使用dhcp动态获取ip地址举例：
macbook$ ipconfig set en0 dhcp
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macbook$ networksetup -setdhcp wi-fi
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注意：ifconfig和ipconfig都是指定网口设备名称，而networksetup要求使用macos为网口设置的别名（所谓“network service”）来指定网口。
配置默认网关
可以使用以下命令配置默认网关：
- networksetup -setmanual
- route [add | change ] default
- route [add | change ] -net 0.0.0.0
默认网关配置举例：
macbook$ sudo networksetup -setmanual wi-fi 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
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以下两条命令等价:
macbook$ sudo route add default 192.168.1.1 macbook$ sudo route add -net 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1
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如果已存在默认路由，你可能需要先删除现有默认路由，然后再添加默认路由：
macbook$ sudo route delete default macbook$ sudo route add default 192.168.1.1
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或者你也可以替换现有默认路由：
macbook$ sudo route change default 192.168.1.1
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添加静态路由
可以使用以下命令添加路由:
macbook$ sudo route [-n] [add | delete | change] [-net | -host] [-ifscope boundif] destination gateway [netmask]
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首先查看当前路由表：
macbook$ netstat -nr routing tables internet: destination gateway flags refs use netif expire default 192.168.1.1 ugsc 21 5 en0 127 127.0.0.1 ucs 0 0 lo0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 uh 1 1699 lo0 169.254 link#4 ucs 0 0 en0 169.254 link#6 ucsi 1 0 en6 169.254.89.143/32 link#6 ucs 0 0 en6 192.168.1 link#4 ucs 1 0 en0 192.168.1.1/32 link#4 ucs 1 0 en0 192.168.1.1 f4:ec:38:1e:ea:52 uhlwiir 19 224 en0 887 192.168.1.101/32 link#4 ucs 1 0 en0 192.168.1.101 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd uhlwii 1 4 lo0 192.168.1.104 7c:b2:32:70:33:5c uhlwi 0 2 en0 1053 224.0.0/4 link#4 umcs 2 0 en0 224.0.0/4 link#6 umcsi 0 0 en6 224.0.0.251 1:0:5e:0:0:fb uhmlwi 0 0 en0 239.255.255.250 1:0:5e:7f:ff:fa uhmlwi 0 3 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#4 ucs 0 0 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#6 ucsi 0 0 en6 internet6: destination gateway flags netif expire default fe80::%utun1 ugci utun1 ::1 ::1 uhl lo0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f::/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 uc utun0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f:f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70 link#10 uhl lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 uci lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#1 uhli lo0 fe80::%en0/64 link#4 uci en0 fe80::ca3:96a0:7113:b973%en0 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd uhli lo0 fe80::%en6/64 link#6 uci en6 fe80::c02:7c0f:52a1:d528%en6 ff:fa:0:0:78:86 uhli lo0 fe80::%awdl0/64 link#8 uci awdl0 fe80::e00e:6dff:fef9:e630%awdl0 e2:e:6d:f9:e6:30 uhli lo0 fe80::%utun0/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 uci utun0 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 link#10 uhli lo0 fe80::%utun1/64 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 uci utun1 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 link#11 uhli lo0 ff01::%lo0/32 ::1 umci lo0 ff01::%en0/32 link#4 umci en0 ff01::%en6/32 link#6 umci en6 ff01::%awdl0/32 link#8 umci awdl0 ff01::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 umci utun0 ff01::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 umci utun1 ff02::%lo0/32 ::1 umci lo0 ff02::%en0/32 link#4 umci en0 ff02::%en6/32 link#6 umci en6 ff02::%awdl0/32 link#8 umci awdl0 ff02::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 umci utun0 ff02::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 umci utun1
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方法1：添加路由:
macbook$ sudo route add -net 10.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 password: add net 10.1.1.1: gateway 192.168.1.1
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查看当前路由表:
macbook$ netstat -nr routing tables internet: destination gateway flags refs use netif expire default 192.168.1.1 ugsc 23 5 en0 10.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 ugsc 0 0 en0 127 127.0.0.1 ucs 0 0 lo0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 uh 1 1699 lo0 169.254 link#4 ucs 0 0 en0 169.254 link#6 ucsi 1 0 en6 169.254.89.143/32 link#6 ucs 0 0 en6 192.168.1 link#4 ucs 1 0 en0 192.168.1.1/32 link#4 ucs 1 0 en0 192.168.1.1 f4:ec:38:1e:ea:52 uhlwiir 22 210 en0 1000 192.168.1.101/32 link#4 ucs 1 0 en0 192.168.1.101 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd uhlwi 0 4 lo0 192.168.1.104 7c:b2:32:70:33:5c uhlwii 1 2 en0 1166 224.0.0/4 link#4 umcs 2 0 en0 224.0.0/4 link#6 umcsi 0 0 en6 224.0.0.251 1:0:5e:0:0:fb uhmlwi 0 0 en0 239.255.255.250 1:0:5e:7f:ff:fa uhmlwi 0 3 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#4 ucs 0 0 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#6 ucsi 0 0 en6 internet6: destination gateway flags netif expire default fe80::%utun1 ugci utun1 ::1 ::1 uhl lo0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f::/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 uc utun0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f:f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70 link#10 uhl lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 uci lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#1 uhli lo0 fe80::%en0/64 link#4 uci en0 fe80::ca3:96a0:7113:b973%en0 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd uhli lo0 fe80::%en6/64 link#6 uci en6 fe80::c02:7c0f:52a1:d528%en6 ff:fa:0:0:78:86 uhli lo0 fe80::%awdl0/64 link#8 uci awdl0 fe80::e00e:6dff:fef9:e630%awdl0 e2:e:6d:f9:e6:30 uhli lo0 fe80::%utun0/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 uci utun0 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 link#10 uhli lo0 fe80::%utun1/64 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 uci utun1 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 link#11 uhli lo0 ff01::%lo0/32 ::1 umci lo0 ff01::%en0/32 link#4 umci en0 ff01::%en6/32 link#6 umci en6 ff01::%awdl0/32 link#8 umci awdl0 ff01::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 umci utun0 ff01::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 umci utun1 ff02::%lo0/32 ::1 umci lo0 ff02::%en0/32 link#4 umci en0 ff02::%en6/32 link#6 umci en6 ff02::%awdl0/32 link#8 umci awdl0 ff02::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 umci utun0 ff02::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 umci utun1
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方法二:添加路由:
macbook$ sudo route add -net 10.1.1.2 -netmask 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1
add net 10.1.1.2: gateway 192.168.1.1
查看路由表:
macbook$ netstat -nr routing tables internet: destination gateway flags refs use netif expire default 192.168.1.1 ugsc 21 5 en0 10.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 ugsc 0 0 en0 10.1.1.2/32 192.168.1.1 ugsc 0 0 en0 127 127.0.0.1 ucs 0 0 lo0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 uh 1 1699 lo0 169.254 link#4 ucs 0 0 en0 169.254 link#6 ucsi 1 0 en6 169.254.89.143/32 link#6 ucs 0 0 en6 192.168.1 link#4 ucs 2 0 en0 192.168.1.1/32 link#4 ucs 1 0 en0 192.168.1.1 f4:ec:38:1e:ea:52 uhlwiir 21 224 en0 962 192.168.1.101/32 link#4 ucs 1 0 en0 192.168.1.101 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd uhlwi 0 4 lo0 192.168.1.104 7c:b2:32:70:33:5c uhlwi 0 2 en0 1128 224.0.0/4 link#4 umcs 2 0 en0 224.0.0/4 link#6 umcsi 0 0 en6 224.0.0.251 1:0:5e:0:0:fb uhmlwi 0 0 en0 239.255.255.250 1:0:5e:7f:ff:fa uhmlwi 0 3 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#4 ucs 0 0 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#6 ucsi 0 0 en6 internet6: destination gateway flags netif expire default fe80::%utun1 ugci utun1 ::1 ::1 uhl lo0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f::/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 uc utun0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f:f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70 link#10 uhl lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 uci lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#1 uhli lo0 fe80::%en0/64 link#4 uci en0 fe80::ca3:96a0:7113:b973%en0 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd uhli lo0 fe80::%en6/64 link#6 uci en6 fe80::c02:7c0f:52a1:d528%en6 ff:fa:0:0:78:86 uhli lo0 fe80::%awdl0/64 link#8 uci awdl0 fe80::e00e:6dff:fef9:e630%awdl0 e2:e:6d:f9:e6:30 uhli lo0 fe80::%utun0/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 uci utun0 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 link#10 uhli lo0 fe80::%utun1/64 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 uci utun1 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 link#11 uhli lo0 ff01::%lo0/32 ::1 umci lo0 ff01::%en0/32 link#4 umci en0 ff01::%en6/32 link#6 umci en6 ff01::%awdl0/32 link#8 umci awdl0 ff01::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 umci utun0 ff01::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 umci utun1 ff02::%lo0/32 ::1 umci lo0 ff02::%en0/32 link#4 umci en0 ff02::%en6/32 link#6 umci en6 ff02::%awdl0/32 link#8 umci awdl0 ff02::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 umci utun0 ff02::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 umci utun1
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2、设置dns
指定dns服务器
配置命令:
macbook$ networksetup -setdnsservers <networkservice> <dns1> [dns2] [...]</dns1></networkservice>
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示例:
macbook$ sudo networksetup -setdnsservers wi-fi 114.114.114.114 114.114.114.115
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不指定dns地址参数时，清空配置dns服务器:
macbook$ sudo networksetup -setdnsservers wi-fi
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查看当前配置的dns服务器
方法一：查看手动指定的dns服务器地址
命令:
macbook$ networksetup -getdnsservers
注意：此命令只能查看手动指定的dns服务器地址，无法查看到由dhcp获得的dns地址！
示例：
macbook$ sudo networksetup -getdnsservers wi-fi
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方法二: 查看由dhcp配置的dns地址
命令：
macbook$ ipconfig getpacket interface-name
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此命令用以查看从dhcp获得的相关网络配置信息，同时也包含dns配置信息！
示例：
macbook$ sudo ipconfig getpacket en0
password:
op = bootreply
htype = 1
flags = 0
hlen = 6
hops = 0
xid = 0x1da0b2e6
secs = 0
ciaddr = 0.0.0.0
yiaddr = 192.168.1.101
siaddr = 0.0.0.0
giaddr = 0.0.0.0
chaddr = 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd
sname =
file =
options:
options count is 7
dhcp_message_type (uint8): ack 0x5
server_identifier (ip): 192.168.1.1
lease_time (uint32): 0xffffffff
subnet_mask (ip): 255.255.255.0
router (ip_mult): {192.168.1.1}
domain_name_server (ip_mult): {114.114.114.114, 114.114.115.115}
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3、清除dns缓存
os x 10.9 (mavericks):
macbook$ dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -hup mdnsresponder
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os x 10.10 (yosemite):
macbook$ sudo discoveryutil udnsflushcaches
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versions 10.10.4+:
macbook$ sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -hup mdnsresponder
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os x 10.11 (el capitan) and os x 10.12 (sierra):
macbook$ sudo killall -hup mdnsresponder
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os x 10.12.4:
macbook$ sudo killall -hup mdnsresponder; sudo killall mdnsresponderhelper; sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;
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推荐教程：《macos教程》
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