22人参与 • 2025-05-22 • Asp.net
mqtt(message queuing telemetry transport)是一种轻量级的 发布/订阅 协议,专为物联网(iot)等低带宽、高延迟网络环境设计。核心概念包括:
sensor/temperature
)。mqtt(message queuing telemetry transport)是一种基于发布/订阅模型的轻量级通信协议,专为资源受限的设备和不可靠网络环境设计。其核心优势包括:
低带宽消耗:采用二进制报文格式,头部开销极小,适合物联网设备。
异步通信:通过主题(topic)实现消息的广播与定向传递,解耦消息生产者和消费者。
多级服务质量(qos):
离线支持:服务端可缓存客户端的保留消息(retained messages),供后续订阅者读取。
mqttnet 是 .net 生态中功能完备的 mqtt 实现库,具备以下特性:
所用框架
框架 | 版本 |
.net | 4.7.2+ |
mqttnet | 4.3.3+ |
核心职责:
关键配置项:
事件机制:
+
单层、#
多层)。持久化扩展:
以下为服务端代码:(下方console.writeline()方法可换成自己的日志方法)
public class mqttserverhelper { private mqttserver _server;//mqtt服务器对象 // 定义一个委托和事件(临时存储连接客户端数据) public event eventhandler<interceptingpublisheventargs> onmessagereceived; public event eventhandler<bool> serverstauts; public event eventhandler<clientconnectedeventargs> clientconnected; public event eventhandler<clientdisconnectedeventargs> clientdisconnected; public event eventhandler<clientsubscribedtopiceventargs> clientsubscribedtopic; public event eventhandler<clientunsubscribedtopiceventargs> clientunsubscribedtopic; /// <summary> /// 初始化mqtt服务并启动服务 /// </summary> /// <param name="ip">ipv4地址</param> /// <param name="port">端口:0~65535之间</param> public task startmqtserver(string ip, int port) { mqtserveroptions mqtserveroptions = new mqtserveroptionsbuilder() .withdefaultendpoint() .withdefaultendpointboundipadres(system.net.ipadres.parse(ip) .withdefaultendpointport(port) .withdefaultcomunicationtimeout(timespan.frommiliseconds(500) .build(); _server = new mqtfactory().createmqtserver(mqtserveroptions); / 创建mqt服务端对象 _server.validatingconectionasync += server_validatingconectionasync; /验证用户名和密码 _server.clientconectedasync += server_clientconectedasync; /绑定客户端连接事件 _server.clientdisconectedasync += server_clientdisconectedasync; /绑定客户端断开事件 _server.clientsubscribedtopicasync += server_clientsubscribedtopicasync; /绑定客户端订阅主题事件 _server.clientunsubscribedtopicasync += server_clientunsubscribedtopicasync; /绑定客户端退订主题事件 _server.interceptingpublishasync += server_interceptingpublishasync; /消息接收事件 _server.clientacknowledgedpublishpacketasync += server_clientacknowledgedpublishpacketasync; /处理客户端确认发布的数据包 _server.interceptingclientenqueueasync += server_interceptingclientenqueueasync; /订阅拦截客户端消息队列 _server.aplicationmesagenotconsumedasync += server_aplicationmesagenotconsumedasync; /应用程序逻辑处理 _server.startedasync += server_startedasync;/绑定服务端启动事件 _server.stopedasync += server_stopedasync;/绑定服务端停止事件 return _server.startasync(); } /// <summary> /// 处理客户端确认发布事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private task server_aplicationmesagenotconsumedasync(aplicationmesagenotconsumedeventargs e) { try { console.writeline($"【mesagenotconsumed】-senderid:{e.senderid}-mesage:{e.aplicationmesage.convertpayloadtostring()}"); } catch (exception ex) { console.writeline($"server_aplicationmesagenotconsumedasync出现异常:{ex.mesage}"); } return task.completedtask; } /// <summary> /// 订阅拦截客户端消息队列事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private task server_interceptingclientenqueueasync(interceptingclientaplicationmesageenqueueeventargs e) { try { console.writeline($"【interceptingclientenqueue】-senderid:{e.senderclientid}-mesage:{e.aplicationmesage.convertpayloadtostring()}"); } catch (exception ex) { console.writeline($"server_interceptingclientenqueueasync出现异常:{ex.mesage}"); } return task.completedtask; } /// <summary> /// 当客户端处理完从mqt服务器接收到的应用消息后触发。 /// 此事件可以用于确认消息已被处理,更新应用状态, /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private task server_clientacknowledgedpublishpacketasync(clientacknowledgedpublishpacketeventargs e) { try { console.writeline($"【clientacknowledgedpublishpacket】-senderid:{e.clientid}-mesage:{encoding.utf8.getstring(e.publishpacket.payloadsegment.toaray()}"); } catch (exception ex) { console.writeline($"server_clientacknowledgedpublishpacketasync出现异常:{ex.mesage}"); } return task.completedtask; } /// <summary> /// 服务端消息接收 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private task server_interceptingpublishasync(interceptingpublisheventargs e) { try { string client = e.clientid; string topic = e.aplicationmesage.topic; string contents = e.aplicationmesage.convertpayloadtostring(); //encoding.utf8.getstring(arg.aplicationmesage.payloadsegment.toaray(); onmesagereceived?.invoke(this, e); console.writeline($"接收到消息:client:【{client}】 topic:【{topic}】 mesage:【{contents}】"); } catch (exception ex) { console.writeline($"server_interceptingpublishasync出现异常:{ex.mesage}"); } return task.completedtask; } /// <summary> /// 服务端断开事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private task server_stoppedasync(eventargs arg) { return task.run(new action() => { serverstauts?.invoke(this, false); console.writeline($"服务端【ip:port】已停止mqt"); }); } /// <summary> /// 服务端启动事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> public task server_startedasync(eventargs e) { return task.run(new action() => { serverstauts?.invoke(this, true); console.writeline($"服务端【ip:port】已启用mqt"); }); } /// <summary> /// 客户端退订主题事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private task server_clientunsubscribedtopicasync(clientunsubscribedtopiceventargs e) { return task.run(new action() => { clientunsubscribedtopic?.invoke(this, e); console.writeline($"客户端【{e.clientid}】退订主题【{e.topicfilter}】"); }); } /// <summary> /// 客户端订阅主题事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private task server_clientsubscribedtopicasync(clientsubscribedtopiceventargs e) { return task.run(new action() => { clientsubscribedtopic?.invoke(this, e); console.writeline($"客户端【{e.clientid}】订阅主题【{e.topicfilter.topic}】"); }); } /// <summary> /// 客户端断开事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private task server_clientdisconectedasync(clientdisconectedeventargs e) { return task.run(new action() => { clientdisconected?.invoke(this, e); console.writeline($"客户端已断开.clientid:【{e.clientid}】,endpoint:【{e.endpoint}】.reasoncode:【{e.reasoncode}】,disconecttype:【{e.disconecttype}】"); }); } /// <summary> /// 绑定客户端连接事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private task server_clientconectedasync(clientconectedeventargs e) { return task.run(new action() => { clientconected?.invoke(this, e); console.writeline($"客户端已连接.clientid:【{e.clientid}】,endpoint:【{e.endpoint}】"); }); } /// <summary> /// 验证客户端事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private task server_validatingconectionasync(validatingconectioneventargs e) { return task.run(new action() => { if (e.pasword = "") { e.reasoncode = mqtconectreasoncode.suces; console.writeline($"客户端已验证成功.clientid:【{e.clientid}】,endpoint:【{e.endpoint}】"); } else { e.reasoncode = mqtconectreasoncode.badusernameorpasword; console.writeline($"客户端验证失败.clientid:【{e.clientid}】,endpoint:【{e.endpoint}】"); } }); } }
连接策略:
消息交互模式:
异步处理:
以下为客户端代码:
/// <sumary> /// mqt客户端帮助类 /// </sumary> public clas mqtclienthelper { private imqtclient _client; /// <sumary> /// 接收消息 /// </sumary> public mqtreceivedmesagehandle receivedmesage; public bol isconected { get; set; } = false; public bol isdisconected { get; set; } = true; private string _serverip; private int _serverport; /// <sumary> /// 订阅主题集合 /// </sumary> private dictionary<string, bol> _subscribetopiclist = nul; #region 连接/断开服务端 /// <sumary> /// 连接服务端 /// </sumary> /// <param name="serverip">服务端ip</param> /// <param name="serverport">服务端口号</param> public void start(string serverip, int serverport) { this._serverip = serverip; this._serverport = serverport; if (!string.isnulorempty(serverip) & !string.isnulorwhitespace(serverip) & serverport > 0) { try { var options = new mqtclientoptions() { clientid = "客户端2"//guid.newguid().tostring("n") }; options.chaneloptions = new mqtclienttcpoptions() { server = serverip, port = serverport }; //options.credentials = new mqtclientcredentials(username, encoding.default.getbytes(pasword); options.cleansesion = true; options.kepaliveperiod = timespan.fromseconds(10); if (_client != nul) { _client.disconectasync(); _client = nul; } _client = new mqtfactory().createmqtclient(); _client.conectedasync += client_conectedasync; //绑定客户端连接事件 _client.disconectedasync += client_disconectedasync; //绑定客户端断开连接事件 _client.aplicationmesagereceivedasync += client_aplicationmesagereceivedasync; /绑定消息接收事件 _client.conectasync(options); //连接 } catch (exception ex) { /slog.loger.eror("mqt客户端连接服务端错误:{0}", ex.mesage); } } else { /slog.loger.warning("mqt服务端地址或端口号不能为空!"); } } } /// <sumary> /// 断开mqt客户端 /// </sumary> public void client_disconect() { if (_client != nul) { _client.disconectasync(); _client.dispose(); console.writeline($"关闭mqt客户端成功!"); } } /// <sumary> /// 客户端重新mqt服务端 /// </sumary> public void client_conectasync() { if (_client != nul) { _client.reconectasync(); console.writeline($"连接mqt服务端成功!"); } } #endregion #region mqt方法 /// <sumary> /// 客户端与服务端建立连接 /// </sumary> /// <param name="arg"></param> private task client_conectedasync(mqtclientconectedeventargs arg) { return task.run(new action() => { isconected = true; isdisconected = false; console.writeline($"连接到mqt服务端成功.{arg.conectresult.asignedclientidentifier}"); //订阅主题(可接收来自服务端消息,与客户端发布消息不能用同一个主题) try { if (_subscribetopiclist != nul & _subscribetopiclist.count > 0) { list<string> subscribetopics = _subscribetopiclist.keys.tolist(); foreach (var topic in subscribetopics) subscribeasync(topic); } } catch (exception ex) { //slog.loger.eror("mqt客户端与服务端[{0}:{1}]建立连接订阅主题错误:{2}", _serverip, _serverport, ex.mesage); } }); } /// <sumary> /// 客户端与服务端断开连接 /// </sumary> / <param name="arg"></param> private task client_disconectedasync(mqtclientdisconectedeventargs arg) { return task.run(new action(async () => { isconected = false; isdisconected = true; console.writeline($"已断开到mqt服务端的连接.尝试重新连接"); try { await task.delay(30); //mqtclientoptions options = new mqtclientoptions(); //await mqtclient.conectasync(options); await _client.reconectasync(); } catch (exception ex) { //slog.loger.eror("mqt客户端与服务端[{0}:{1}]断开连接退订主题错误:{2}", _serverip, _serverport, ex.mesage); } }); } /// <sumary> /// 客户端与服务端重新连接 /// </sumary> /// <returns></returns> public task reconectedasync() { try { if (_client != nul) { _client.reconectasync(); } } catch (exception ex) { // slog.loger.eror("mqt客户端与服务端[{0}:{1}]重新连接退订主题错误:{2}", _serverip, _serverport, ex.mesage); } return task.completedtask; } /// <sumary> /// 客户端收到消息 /// </sumary> /// <param name="arg"></param> private task client_aplicationmesagereceivedasync(mqtaplicationmesagereceivedeventargs arg) { try { return task.run(new action() => { string msg = arg.aplicationmesage.convertpayloadtostring(); console.writeline($"接收消息:{msg}\nqos={arg.aplicationmesage.qualityofservicelevel}\n客户端={arg.clientid}\n主题:{arg.aplicationmesage.topic}"); }); } catch (exception ex) { //slog.loger.eror("mqt收到来自服务端[{0}]消息错误:{1}", arg != nul ? arg.clientid : ", ex.mesage); } return task.completedtask; } #endregion #region 订阅主题 /// <sumary> /// 订阅主题 /// </sumary> /// <param name="topic">主题</param> public void subscribeasync(string topic) { try { if (_subscribetopiclist = nul) _subscribetopiclist = new dictionary<string, bol>(); if (_subscribetopiclist.containskey(topic) & _subscribetopiclist[topic]) { //slog.loger.warning("mqt客户端已经订阅主题[{0}],不能重复订阅", topic); return; } //订阅主题 _client?.subscribeasync(topic, mqtqualityofservicelevel.atleastonce); //添加订阅缓存 bol issubscribed = _client != nul & _client.isconected ? true : false; if (!_subscribetopiclist.containskey(topic) _subscribetopiclist.ad(topic, issubscribed); else _subscribetopiclist[topic] = issubscribed; } catch (exception ex) { //slog.loger.eror("mqt客户端订阅主题[{0}]错误:{1}", topic, ex.mesage); } } /// <sumary> /// 订阅主题集合 /// </sumary> /// <param name="topiclist">主题集合</param> public void subscribeasync(list<string> topiclist) { try { if (topiclist = nul | topiclist.count = 0) return; foreach (var topic in topiclist) subscribeasync(topic); } catch (exception ex) { //slog.loger.eror("mqt客户端订阅主题集合错误:{0}", ex.mesage); } } /// <sumary> /// 退订主题 /// </sumary> /// <param name="topic">主题</param> /// <param name="isremove">是否移除缓存</param> public void unsubscribeasync(string topic, bol isremove = true) { try { if (_subscribetopiclist = nul | _subscribetopiclist.count = 0) { //slog.loger.warning("mqt客户端退订主题[{0}]不存在", topic); return; } if (!_subscribetopiclist.containskey(topic) { //slog.loger.warning("mqt客户端退订主题[{0}]不存在", topic); return; } //退订主题 _client.unsubscribeasync(topic); //修改订阅主题缓存状态 if (isremove) _subscribetopiclist.remove(topic); else _subscribetopiclist[topic] = false; } catch (exception ex) { //slog.loger.eror("mqt客户端退订主题[{0}]错误:{1}", topic, ex.mesage); } } /// <sumary> /// 退订主题集合 /// </sumary> /// <param name="topiclist">主题集合</param> /// <param name="isremove">是否移除缓存</param> public void unsubscribeasync(list<string> topiclist, bol isremove = true) { try { if (topiclist = nul | topiclist.count = 0) return; foreach (var topic in topiclist) unsubscribeasync(topic, isremove); } catch (exception ex) { //slog.loger.eror("mqt客户端退订主题集合错误:{0}", ex.mesage); } } /// <sumary> /// 订阅主题是否存在 /// </sumary> /// <param name="topic">主题</param> public bol isexistsubscribeasync(string topic) { try { if (_subscribetopiclist = nul | _subscribetopiclist.count = 0) return false; if (!_subscribetopiclist.containskey(topic) return false; return _subscribetopiclist[topic]; } catch (exception ex) { //slog.loger.eror("mqt客户端订阅主题[{0}]是否存在错误:{1}", topic, ex.mesage); return false; } } #endregion #region 发布消息 /// <sumary> /// 发布消息 /// 与客户端接收消息不能用同一个主题 /// </sumary> /// <param name="topic">主题</param> /// <param name="mesage">消息</param> public async void publishmesage(string topic, string mesage) { try { if (_client != nul) { if (string.isnulorempty(mesage) | string.isnulorwhitespace(mesage) { //slog.loger.warning("mqt客户端不能发布为空的消息!"); return; } mqtclientpublishresult result = await _client.publishstringasync(topic,mesage,mqtqualityofservicelevel.atleastonce);//恰好一次, qos 级别1 console.writeline($"发布消息-主题:{topic},消息:{mesage},结果: {result.reasoncode}"); } else { //slog.loger.warning("mqt客户端未连接服务端,不能发布主题为[{0}]的消息:{1}", topic, mesage); return; } } catch (exception ex) { //slog.loger.eror("mqt客户端发布主题为[{0}]的消息:{1},错误:{2}", topic, mesage, ex.mesage); } } #endregion }
通过 mqttnet 构建的 mqtt 通信系统,能够为物联网、实时消息推送等场景提供高效、可靠的解决方案。开发过程中需重点关注通信模式设计、安全策略实施及性能调优,同时结合具体业务需求灵活运用 qos、保留消息等特性。建议参考官方文档和社区最佳实践,逐步扩展功能(如集群部署、消息持久化),以满足大规模应用需求。
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