18人参与 • 2025-06-06 • Asp.net
在现代的.net应用程序开发中,与外部服务进行http通信是一项常见需求。httpclient作为.net框架中处理http请求的核心组件,为我们提供了强大而灵活的api。然而,直接使用原生的httpclient可能会导致代码重复、错误处理不完善等问题。为了提高代码的可维护性和可测试性,我们通常会对httpclient进行封装。本文将介绍一个完整的httprequest类封装实现,并深入探讨http请求处理的最佳实践。
首先,让我们来看一下完整的httprequest类实现代码:
using system; using system.collections.generic; using system.net; using system.net.http; using system.net.http.headers; using system.text; using system.text.json; using system.threading.tasks; public class response { public bool success { get; set; } public string message { get; set; } public object data { get; set; } public httpstatuscode statuscode { get; set; } } public static class jsonconverterextensions { public static readonly jsonserializeroptions serializersettings = new jsonserializeroptions { propertynamingpolicy = jsonnamingpolicy.camelcase, ignorenullvalues = true, writeindented = false }; } public class httprequest : idisposable { private readonly httpclient client; private bool disposed = false; public httprequest(httpclient client) { this.client = client ?? throw new argumentnullexception(nameof(client)); } public void dispose() { dispose(true); gc.suppressfinalize(this); } protected virtual void dispose(bool disposing) { if (!disposed) { if (disposing) { client?.dispose(); } disposed = true; } } public async task<response> getasync(string resource) { try { var response = await client.getasync(resource); return await processresponseasync(response); } catch (httprequestexception ex) { return handleexception(ex); } catch (exception ex) { return handleunexpectedexception(ex); } } public async task<response> postasync(string resource, object body) { try { var content = createjsoncontent(body); var response = await client.postasync(resource, content); return await processresponseasync(response); } catch (httprequestexception ex) { return handleexception(ex); } catch (exception ex) { return handleunexpectedexception(ex); } } public async task<response> putasync(string resource, object body) { try { var content = createjsoncontent(body); var response = await client.putasync(resource, content); return await processresponseasync(response); } catch (httprequestexception ex) { return handleexception(ex); } catch (exception ex) { return handleunexpectedexception(ex); } } public async task<response> deleteasync(string resource) { try { var response = await client.deleteasync(resource); return await processresponseasync(response); } catch (httprequestexception ex) { return handleexception(ex); } catch (exception ex) { return handleunexpectedexception(ex); } } public httprequest withbaseaddress(string baseaddress) { if (!string.isnullorempty(baseaddress)) { client.baseaddress = new uri(baseaddress); } return this; } public httprequest withtimeout(timespan timeout) { client.timeout = timeout; return this; } public httprequest withheader(string name, string value) { if (!client.defaultrequestheaders.contains(name)) { client.defaultrequestheaders.add(name, value); } return this; } public httprequest withheaders(idictionary<string, string> headers) { if (headers != null) { foreach (var header in headers) { withheader(header.key, header.value); } } return this; } public httprequest withauthorization(string scheme, string parameter) { client.defaultrequestheaders.authorization = new authenticationheadervalue(scheme, parameter); return this; } public httprequest withbearertoken(string token) { return withauthorization("bearer", token); } private stringcontent createjsoncontent(object body) { if (body == null) { return new stringcontent("{}", encoding.utf8, "application/json"); } var json = jsonserializer.serialize(body, jsonconverterextensions.serializersettings); return new stringcontent(json, encoding.utf8, "application/json"); } private async task<response> processresponseasync(httpresponsemessage response) { var responsecontent = await response.content.readasstringasync(); try { // 尝试解析json响应 var responseobject = jsonserializer.deserialize<response>(responsecontent, jsonconverterextensions.serializersettings); if (responseobject != null) { responseobject.statuscode = response.statuscode; return responseobject; } } catch (jsonexception) { // 如果json解析失败,创建一个基于http状态码的响应 } // 对于非json响应或解析失败的情况 return new response { success = response.issuccessstatuscode, message = response.reasonphrase, statuscode = response.statuscode, data = responsecontent }; } private response handleexception(httprequestexception ex) { return new response { success = false, message = $"http请求错误: {ex.message}", statuscode = ex.statuscode ?? httpstatuscode.internalservererror, data = ex }; } private response handleunexpectedexception(exception ex) { return new response { success = false, message = $"处理请求时发生意外错误: {ex.message}", statuscode = httpstatuscode.internalservererror, data = ex }; } }
这个封装类采用了依赖注入模式,通过构造函数接收一个httpclient实例。这样做有几个重要好处:
遵循单一职责原则,httprequest类专注于http请求处理
便于单元测试,可以轻松注入模拟的httpclient
利用.net的ihttpclientfactory进行正确的httpclient生命周期管理,避免资源泄漏
同时,类实现了idisposable接口,确保在不再需要时正确释放httpclient资源。
为了提供更友好的api体验,封装类实现了流畅接口模式:
var response = await new httprequest(httpclient) .withbaseaddress("https://api.example.com") .withbearertoken("your-token-here") .withheader("x-custom-header", "value") .postasync("/resource", new { key = "value" });
这种链式调用方式使代码更加简洁易读,同时保持了良好的可扩展性。
在每个http方法中,我们都实现了统一的异常处理机制:
这种统一的错误处理方式使上层调用代码更加简洁,无需重复处理各种异常情况。
processresponseasync方法负责处理http响应,它尝试将响应内容解析为json格式的response对象:
这种设计使封装类能够处理各种类型的http响应,同时提供一致的返回格式。
下面是一个使用这个封装类的完整示例:
using system; using system.net.http; using system.threading.tasks; public class program { public static async task main() { try { // 创建httpclient实例(实际应用中建议使用ihttpclientfactory) using var httpclient = new httpclient(); // 创建请求实例并配置 var request = new httprequest(httpclient) .withbaseaddress("https://api.example.com") .withbearertoken("your-auth-token"); // 发送get请求 var getresponse = await request.getasync("/api/users"); console.writeline($"get请求结果: {getresponse.success}, 状态码: {getresponse.statuscode}"); // 发送post请求 var postdata = new { name = "john doe", email = "john@example.com" }; var postresponse = await request.postasync("/api/users", postdata); console.writeline($"post请求结果: {postresponse.success}, 状态码: {postresponse.statuscode}"); // 发送put请求 var putdata = new { id = 1, name = "jane doe" }; var putresponse = await request.putasync("/api/users/1", putdata); console.writeline($"put请求结果: {putresponse.success}, 状态码: {putresponse.statuscode}"); // 发送delete请求 var deleteresponse = await request.deleteasync("/api/users/1"); console.writeline($"delete请求结果: {deleteresponse.success}, 状态码: {deleteresponse.statuscode}"); } catch (exception ex) { console.writeline($"发生未处理的异常: {ex.message}"); } } }
在使用httpclient和这个封装类时,还需要注意以下最佳实践:
通过这个完整的httprequest类封装,我们可以更加高效、安全地处理http通信,同时保持代码的整洁和可维护性。希望这篇文章对你理解c#中的http请求处理有所帮助。
这个实现提供了完整的http请求功能,包括get、post、put、delete方法,以及灵活的请求配置和统一的响应处理。
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