17人参与 • 2025-10-16 • Windows
刚安装ubuntu系统时，发现很多命令都无法使用，查询之后，发现是ubuntu系统默认的官方源位于国外，用户访问延时高，因此一般要更换国内的镜像源。
清华源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
1.备份当前的源列表：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources.backup
2.查看当前操作系统版本:
lsb_release -a
3.编辑镜像源配置文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
4.替换为清华大学镜像源（deb822 格式）,注释对应的noble noble-updates noble-backports段落
types: deb uris: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports components: main restricted universe multiverse signed-by: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
5.保存并退出编辑器
ctrl + o 保存文件ctrl + x 退出 nano 编辑器6.更新
sudo apt update
1.查看服务器的 ip 地址:172.30.114.33
ip addr show
jessie@jessie:~$ ip a
1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state unknown group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s31f6: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state up group default qlen 1000
link/ether 20:88:10:93:70:bf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.114.33/24 brd 172.30.114.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s31f6
valid_lft 2629sec preferred_lft 2629sec
inet6 2001:250:3c00:3840:13b9:8c0a:55d5:c228/64 scope global temporary dynamic
valid_lft 3348sec preferred_lft 3348sec
inet6 2001:250:3c00:3840:2288:10ff:fe93:70bf/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr
valid_lft 3348sec preferred_lft 3348sec
inet6 fe80::2288:10ff:fe93:70bf/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlp2s0: <broadcast,multicast> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state down group default qlen 1000
link/ether 4c:82:a9:72:a1:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
jessie@jessie:~$
2.安装 openssh 服务
sudo apt install openssh-server
3.检查 openssh 服务状态
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl status ssh
○ ssh.service - openbsd secure shell server
loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; disabled; preset: enabled)
active: inactive (dead)
triggeredby: ● ssh.socket
docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
如果没有启动inactive (dead)
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl start ssh
然后查看
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl start ssh
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl status ssh
● ssh.service - openbsd secure shell server
loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; disabled; preset: enabled)
active: active (running) since thu 2025-07-17 15:53:36 cst; 10s ago
triggeredby: ● ssh.socket
docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
process: 31524 execstartpre=/usr/sbin/sshd -t (code=exited, status=0/success)
main pid: 31525 (sshd)
tasks: 1 (limit: 18579)
memory: 1.2m (peak: 1.7m)
cpu: 31ms
cgroup: /system.slice/ssh.service
└─31525 "sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd -d [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups"
7月 17 15:53:36 jessie systemd[1]: starting ssh.service - openbsd secure shell server...
7月 17 15:53:36 jessie sshd[31525]: server listening on :: port 22.
7月 17 15:53:36 jessie systemd[1]: started ssh.service - openbsd secure shell server.
4.设置 openssh 服务开机自启
jessie@jessie:~$ sudo systemctl enable ssh synchronizing state of ssh.service with sysv service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable ssh created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service. created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ssh.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service.
5.检查防火墙设置（如有）
sudo ufw allow ssh sudo ufw status
6.确认 ssh 配置文件
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config #port 22 默认端口是 22
7.查看当前系统的用户名
whoami
8.下载finalshell连接
ssh jessie@172.30.114.33 port=22
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持代码网。
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